Fortran 77 Language Reference
Contents
Preface
1. Elements of FORTRAN
- Standards
- Extensions
- Basic Terms
- Character Set
- Symbolic Names
- Program
- Statements
- Executable or Nonexecutable Statements
- FORTRAN Statements
- Source Line Formats
- Standard Fixed Format
- Tab-Format
- Mixing Formats
- Continuation Lines
- Extended Lines
- Padding
- Comments and Blank Lines
- Directives
2. Data Types and Data Items
- Types
- Rules for Data Typing
- Array Elements
- Functions
- Properties of Data Types
- Constants
- Character Constants
- Complex Constants
- COMPLEX*16 Constants
- COMPLEX*32 (Quad Complex) Constants
- Integer Constants
- Logical Constants
- Real Constants
- REAL*8 (Double-Precision Real) Constants
- REAL*16 (Quad Real) Constants
- Typeless Constants (Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal)
- Variables
- Arrays
- Array Declarators
- Array Names with No Subscripts
- Array Subscripts
- Array Ordering
- Substrings
- Structures
- Syntax
- Field Declaration
- Rules and Restrictions for Structures
- Rules and Restrictions for Fields
- Record Declaration
- Record and Field Reference
- Substructure Declaration
- Unions and Maps
- Pointers
- Syntax Rules
- Usage of Pointers
- Address and Memory
- Optimization and Pointers
3. Expressions
- Expressions, Operators, and Operands
- Arithmetic Expressions
- Basic Arithmetic Expressions
- Mixed Mode
- Arithmetic Assignment
- Character Expressions
- Character String Assignment
- Rules of Assignment
- Logical Expressions
- Relational Operator
- Constant Expressions
- Record Assignment
- Evaluation of Expressions
4. Statements
- ACCEPT
- ASSIGN
- Assignment
- AUTOMATIC
- BACKSPACE
- BLOCK DATA
- BYTE
- CALL
- CHARACTER
- CLOSE
- COMMON
- COMPLEX
- CONTINUE
- DATA
- DECODE/ENCODE
- DIMENSION
- DO
- DO WHILE
- DOUBLE COMPLEX
- DOUBLE PRECISION
- Example
- ELSE
- ELSE IF
- ENCODE/DECODE
- END
- END DO
- END FILE
- END IF
- END MAP
- END STRUCTURE
- END UNION
- ENTRY
- EQUIVALENCE
- EXTERNAL
- FORMAT
- FUNCTION (External)
- GO TO (Assigned)
- GO TO (Computed)
- GO TO (Unconditional)
- IF (Arithmetic)
- IF (Block)
- IF (Logical)
- IMPLICIT
- INCLUDE
- INQUIRE
- INTEGER
- INTRINSIC
- LOGICAL
- MAP
- NAMELIST
- OPEN
- OPTIONS
- PARAMETER
- PAUSE
- POINTER
- PRINT
- PROGRAM
- READ
- REAL
- RECORD
- RETURN
- REWIND
- SAVE
- Example
- Statement Function
- STATIC
- STOP
- STRUCTURE
- SUBROUTINE
- TYPE
- The Type Statement
- UNION and MAP
- VIRTUAL
- VOLATILE
- WRITE
5. Input and Output
- General Concepts of FORTRAN I/O
- Logical Units
- I/O Errors
- General Restriction
- Kinds of I/O
- Combinations of I/O
- Printing Files
- Special Uses of OPEN
- Scratch Files
- Changing I/O Initialization with IOINIT
- Direct Access
- Unformatted I/O
- Formatted I/O
- Internal Files
- Sequential Formatted I/O
- Direct Access I/O
- Formatted I/O
- Input Actions
- Output Actions
- Format Specifiers
- Runtime Formats
- Variable Format Expressions (<e>)
- Unformatted I/O
- Sequential Access I/O
- Direct Access I/O
- List-Directed I/O
- Output Format
- Unquoted Strings
- Internal I/O
- NAMELIST I/O
- Syntax Rules
- Restrictions
- Output Actions
- Input Actions
- Data Syntax
- Name Requests
6. Intrinsic Functions
- Arithmetic and Mathematical Functions
- Arithmetic
- Type Conversion
- Trigonometric Functions
- Other Mathematical Functions
- Character Functions
- Miscellaneous Functions
- Bit Manipulation
- Environmental Inquiry Functions
- Memory
- Remarks
- Notes on Functions
- VMS Intrinsic Functions
- Double-Precision Complex
- Degree-Based Trigonometric
- Bit-Manipulation
- Multiple Integer Types
- Functions Coerced to a Particular Type
- Functions Translated to a Generic Name
- Zero Extend
A. ASCII Character Set
B. Sample Statements
C. Data Representations
- Real, Double, and Quadruple Precision
- Extreme Exponents
- Zero (signed)
- Subnormal Number
- Signed Infinity
- Not a Number (NaN)
- IEEE Representation of Selected Numbers
- Arithmetic Operations on Extreme Values
- Bits and Bytes by Architecture
D. VMS Language Extensions
- Background
- VMS Language Features You Get Automatically
- VMS Features Requiring -xl or -vax=spec
- Summary of Features That Require -xl[d]
- Details of Features That Require -xl[d]
- Unsupported VMS FORTRAN
Index